20th Century

¡Hola! 

Os dejamos un resumen de las primeras hojas del nuevo tema de Social Science ''The 20th century''. 

Esperamos que os sean de ayuda a la hora de estudiar ;)

1886-1931: REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII

At the end of the 19^th Century, Alfonso XII ruled Spain. This period is known as the period of Restoration.

During the early 20^th Century Alfonso XIII ruled Spain. The country experienced many political and social conflicts.

1. Political conflict: There were many political parties in conflict, liberals and conservatives, republicans, nationalists, socialists.
2. Social conflict: Workers demanded better working conditions. There were many strikes.
3. Military conflict: Spain was involved in conflict at North Africa’s territories.

Because of these problems, there was a military coup in 1923. General Miguel Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship. He was supported by king Alfonso XIII. There were 3 important consequences of this dictatorship:

1. The constitution was suspended and the king lost most of his powers.
2. Political parties were declared illegal.
3. Freedom of the press was limited by censorship.

At first, everyone supported Primo de Rivera, but later on, Alfonso XIII and the army opposed to him and he resigned to power in 1930.

1931-1939: SECOND REPUBLIC

In 1931 municipal elections took place and they were won by the Republicans and the Socialists. Manuel Azaña became the president of Spain and many changes were introduced.

1. The monarchy was abolished.
2. A new constitution was signed and Spain became a democracy.
3. All men and women could vote.
4. Public school were established (the church lost control of education).
5. There was more regional autonomy.
6. The government took land from big landowners to give it to poor farmers.

These reforms divided society and caused political conflict again. Two main ideologies arosed:

• The left-wing: political party that favours reform and more equality in society.
• The right wing: Conservative; political party that opposes reform and change, and favours tradition.